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71.
72.
The response of low‐ductility reinforced concrete (RC) frames, designed typically for a non‐seismic region, subjected to two frequencies of base excitations is studied. Five half‐scaled, two‐bay, two‐storey, RC frames, each approximately 5 m wide by 3.3 m high, were subjected to both horizontal and/or vertical base excitations with a frequency of 40 Hz as well as a lower frequency of about 4 Hz (close to the fundamental frequency) using a shake table. The imposed acceleration amplitude ranged from 0.2 to 1.2g. The test results showed that the response characteristics of the structures differed under high‐ and low‐frequency excitations. The frames were able to sustain high‐frequency excitations without damage but were inadequate for low‐frequency excitations, even though the frames exhibited some ductility. Linear‐elastic time‐history analysis can predict reasonably well the structural response under high‐frequency excitations. As the frames were not designed for seismic loads, the reinforcement detailing may not have been adequate, based on the crack pattern observed. The effect of vertical excitation can cause significant additional forces in the columns and moment reversals in the beams. The ‘strong‐column, weak‐beam’ approach for lateral load RC frame design is supported by experimental observations. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
73.
The ophiolite in the southern Tianshan, Uzbekistan, is interrupted distributed along the northern border (NW‐trending) of the Nuratau Mountain. It's the suture zone between kyzylkum‐Alai and Kazakhstan paleo‐continents. In order to study the tectonic evolution of the Turkestan ocean during the Paleozoic, we present zircon U‐Pb ages, major element, trace element data for rocks from the ophiolite in the Nuratau segment. The ophiolite comprises the rock blocks of serpentinite, altered basalt, allalinite, altered diabase, pillowed basalt, limestone, etc and the matrix of quartz schist, forming the grid structure. The matrix suffers strong deformation and deterioration, while the mylonitization occurred in the western outcrop. New LA‐ICP‐MS zircon U‐Pb ages were determined for six magmatic rock blocks and two quartz schist matrix and these ages confirm the presence of Late Devonian‐Early Permian (ca. 411 to 294 Ma). Five zircon grains from greenschist facies metamorphic basic rock yielded a group minimum weighted mean age of 226 Ma, interpreted as the result of Late Triassic thermal event. The apex of zircon ages for 2 quartz schist is about 450 Ma (Late Ordovician). That indicates sedimentary material from the Late Ordovician. The basalt (SiO2=48.15‐49.93%) are Na‐enriched (average Na2O=2.32‐4.02%), with high HREE/LREE ratios (average=4.93), Weak positive anomalies (average Eu*/Eu=1.02) and convex‐type mantle‐normalized immobile trace elements patterns, which are similar to the geochemical characteristics of Alkaline Ocean island basalt (OIB) and subalkaline Oceanic plateau basalt (OPB). This ophiolite is characterized by Mantle (serpentinite) and Ocean crust (altered basalt, allalinite, pillowed basalt), formed in Early Devonian at the latest. During the evolution of the Turkestan ocean, the growth of OIB and OPB, Ordovician provided a large amount of sedimentary material. The earliest start time of the ocean closed and paleo‐continents assembly is the Early Permian. Afterward, a Late Triassic thermal event occurred on a region scale and is recorded by metamorphic zircon. 相似文献
74.
LIU Zuodong WANG Hongjun Graham BLACKBOURN MA Feng HE Zhengjun WEN Zhixing WANG Zhaoming YANG Zi LUAN Tiansi WU Zhenzhen 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(1):199-212
Gl obal recoverable resources of heavy oil and oil sands have been assessed by CNPC using a geology-based assessment method combined with the traditional volumetric method, spatial interpolation method, parametric-probability method etc. The most favourable areas for exploration have been selected in accordance with a comprehensive scoring system. The results show: (1) For geological resources, CNPC estimate 991.18 billion tonnes of heavy oil and 501.26 billion tonnes of oil sands globally, of which technically recoverable resources of heavy oil and oil sands comprise 126.74 billion tonnes and 64.13 billion tonnes respectively. More than 80% of the resources occur within Tertiary and Cretaceous reservoirs distributed across 69 heavy-oil basins and 32 oil-sands basins. 99% of recoverable resources of heavy oil and oil sands occur within foreland basins, passive continental-margin basins and cratonic basins. (2) Since residual hydrocarbon resources remain following large-scale hydrocarbon migration and destruction, heavy oil and oil sands are characterized most commonly by late hydrocarbon accumulation, the same basin types and source-reservoir conditions as for conventional hydrocarbon resources, shallow burial depth and stratabound reservoirs. (3) Three accumulation models are recognised, depending on basin type: degradation along slope; destruction by uplift; and migration along faults. (4) In addition to mature exploration regions such as Canada and Venezuela, the Volga-Ural Basin and the Pre-Caspian Basin are less well-explored and have good potential for oil-sand discoveries, and it is predicted that the Middle East will be an important region for heavy-oil development. 相似文献
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76.
三江平原气温降水变化分析——以建三江垦区为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
气温及降水与人类生产生活密切联系,其变化必然会对生态系统和社会经济等产生重大影响。利用三江平原建三江垦区15个农场气象站1965～2002年气温和降水资料,运用气候趋势系数和一元回归分析法进行气候变化分析。结果表明:近40年来本区气温呈显著上升趋势,平均气温以0.50℃/10a幅度升高,不同季节平均气温均呈上升趋势,且冬季增幅最大,达0.82℃/10a。气温升高存在显著的区域差异,最大的增温中心位于南部边缘,气温倾向率大于0.60℃/10a。降水趋势性变化不显著,但仍呈弱减少趋势,年降水量倾向率为-1.90mm/10a,四季降水量以秋季减少最为显著。在此基础上进行气候突变分析,结果表明气温突变出现在1987年,降水突变出现在1980年和1997年,但降水突变不明显。研究三江平原建三江垦区的气候变化对于保障区域粮食安全具有重要的指导意义。 相似文献
77.
在野外水文地质调查的基础上,采集青岛市大沽河下游咸水入侵区砂样,首先对含水介质的粒度和矿物组成进行了分析,然后通过室内砂槽模拟试验,对咸淡水驱替过程中含水介质的渗透性变化规律进行了研究。结果表明,当咸淡水相互驱替时,含水介质的渗透性会发生显著变化,这种变化主要是由于驱替液盐浓度的变化,使得伊利石、高岭石和绿泥石等非膨胀性粘土矿物经释放、迁移、絮凝和沉积,从而重新分布所引起的。含水介质渗透性的变化具有明显的非均质性,即位于距入水处不同水平距离以及不同高度处的含水介质,其渗透性变化规律有所不同。 相似文献
78.
西天山特克斯达坂一带晚古生代花岗岩类的地球化学特征及其构造意义 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
依据地质学、岩石学和年代学特征,西天山特克斯达坂一带花岗岩类被解体为早石炭世库勒萨依序列和早二叠世其那尔萨依序列,其同位素年龄分别为347Ma、291～292Ma。通过对该花岗岩类地球化学特征的研究得出,库勒萨依序列A/CNK平均值为1,K2O/Na2O平均值为0.96,（Na2O+K2O）/Al2O3平均值为0.66,里特曼指数δ平均值为3.2,为准铝质钙碱性花岗岩;其那尔萨依序列A/CNK平均值为1.05,K2O/Na2O平均值为1.17,富钾,为过铝质碱性花岗岩。库勒萨依序列为形成于岛弧环境的钙碱性花岗岩,是古亚洲洋向北俯冲的产物;其那尔萨依序列为形成于后造山期松弛阶段的碱性花岗岩。 相似文献
79.
利用长安大学成矿作用及其动力学实验室Agilent 7700X四极杆等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)和Photo Machines Analyte Excite 193nm激光,在激光频率为5Hz,束斑直径为35μm条件下,对91500、GJ-1、Ple?ovice和Qinghu 4个标准锆石进行了原位微区U-Pb同位素和微量元素测定。结果显示,91500标准锆石20个测试点的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄范围为1059~1070Ma,~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为1063.8±6.6Ma;GJ-1标准锆石28个测试点的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄范围为601~610Ma,~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为605.4±3.0Ma;Ple?ovice标准锆石28个测试点的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄范围为336~341Ma,~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为338.8±1.4Ma;Qinghu标准锆石40个测试点的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄范围为158~165Ma,~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄加权平均值为159.9±0.7Ma。上述结果表明,91500、GJ-1、Ple?ovice和Qinghu 4个标准锆石的~(206)Pb/~(238)U年龄都在误差范围内,且年龄加权平均值与前人报道的年龄在误差范围内一致。同时,4个标准锆石的微量元素结果基本落在前人文献报道的范围内。从4个标准锆石的稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线可以看出,稀土元素的相对含量较准确。以上结果表明,建立的测试方法实现了对锆石原位微区U-Pb定年及微量元素的同时测定,分析数据结果准确、可靠。 相似文献
80.